SoCal OPEN Scout Day: Blast Motion Data - Underclass
January 29, 2021
Follow @PBRCaliforniaFollow @LesLukachFollow@Clemmens_PBRFollow @SteveDoherty643Follow @Jacked_23Follow @JoeyCohen20
New Episode LIVE now! - At The Yard Podcast
IRVINE, CA. - The SoCal OPEN Scout Day - Underclass had over 50 players take part in the showcase where players were put through a workout that included the 60-yard sprint, round of batting practice, defensive workouts at respective positions, and concluded with bullpen sessions where the pitchers' stats were compiled.
One of the important tools Prep Baseball Report has implemented at its events is the use of Blast Motion sensors. During batting practice, the Blast Motion sensors measure Swing and Impact Metrics across several categories. Swing metrics measure pre-impact mechanics centered around plane, connection, and rotation while impact metrics measure pre-impact performance outcomes based on ball contact.
With the Blast Motion sensor, we were able to collect data from each swing taken by each prospect at the event. Some of the metrics collected include: Bat Speed, On Plane Efficiency, Peak Hand Speed, Power and Rotational Acceleration. Those metrics are published in this piece.
Each player has their Blast Motion metrics uploaded into their profiles following the completion of the event providing insight into areas that could be improved upon as well as helping paint a clear picture of the player to the college and professional scouts doing their research on prospects they may be interested in.
NOTE: Each player had one round of BP and upwards of 10 swings.
CLICK HERE FOR SORTABLE PLAYER STATISTICS INCLUDING TRACKMAN AND BLAST MOTION DATA
Max Bat Speed
Bat Speed is the observed speed of the sweet spot of the bat at impact. For more info: Blast Bat Speed
MLB Avg: 66-78 mph | College: 66-75 mph | HS Varsity: 60-70 mph
Rank
Name
State
School
Class
Pos
Bat Speed (max)
1
Landon Runyan
CA
Ocean View
2023
OF
79.4 mph
2
Seth Cotner
CA
Del Norte
2023
OF
77.7 mph
3
Jacob Rodriguez
CA
Los Altos
2023
1B
77.6 mph
4
Matthew Martinez
CA
Adolfo Camarillo
2023
OF
75.0 mph
5
Brady Francisco
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
C
74.8 mph
6
Jehee Lee
CA
Rancho Bernardo
2023
C
74.4 mph
7
Justin Lee
CA
Notre Dame
2023
RHP
72.3 mph
8
Evan Needham
CA
Newbury Park
2023
LHP
72.1 mph
9
Jaden Alba
CA
Gahr
2023
RHP
72.0 mph
10
Addison Klepsch
CA
Del Norte
2024
SS
71.7 mph
11
Matthew Sanders
CA
Grover Cleveland
2023
OF
71.4 mph
12
Michael Rodriguez
CA
Montgomery
2023
1B
71.2 mph
13
Haydn Caughren
CA
Crean Lutheran
2025
RHP
70.4 mph
14
Dean Carpentier
CA
Huntington Beach
2023
SS
70.1 mph
^
Jake Molinar
CA
The Bishop's School
2023
RHP
70.1 mph
15
Tanner Lo
CA
Brea Olinda
2023
2B
70.0 mph
16
Gaelan Mendoza
CA
Oaks Christian
2023
LHP
68.7 mph
17
Madden Ocko
CA
Notre Dame
2023
SS
67.7 mph
18
Christian Johnson
CA
Millikan
2023
C
67.5 mph
19
Joshua Khazaal
CA
Ontario Christian
2023
OF
67.1 mph
20
Benjamin Vargas
CA
Canyon
2023
SS
67.0 mph
21
Caleb Casas
CA
El Toro
2023
OF
66.9 mph
22
Noah Filson
CA
Patrick Henry
2023
OF
66.6 mph
23
Mateo Yamato
CA
La Serna
2024
C
66.5 mph
24
Grant Rodriguez
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
SS
65.9 mph
25
Alex Iida
CA
Crean Lutheran
2023
RHP
65.4 mph
26
Cody Hoffman
CA
Mission Hills
2023
2B
65.2 mph
27
Logan Freeborn
CA
Santa Margarita Catholic
2025
OF
64.9 mph
28
Gavin Smith
CA
Trabuco Hills
2023
OF
64.7 mph
29
Zach Mora
CA
Grace Brethren
2023
SS
64.4 mph
30
Eduardo Gomez
CA
Patrick Henry
2024
SS
62.7 mph
31
Christian Robinson
CA
Fullerton Union
2025
OF
62.5 mph
32
Drew Turley
CA
Newbury Park
2023
C
62.3 mph
^
Gavin Piechota
CA
Long Beach Wilson
2023
3B
62.3 mph
33
Alvaro Moreno Jr
CA
Etiwanda
2026
3B
57.6 mph
34
Nolan Stottlemyer
CA
Woodbridge
2025
SS
54.6 mph
Avg. Bat Speed
MLB Avg: 66-78 mph | College: 66-75 mph | HS Varsity: 60-70 mph
Rank
Name
State
School
Class
Pos
Bat Speed (avg)
1
Seth Cotner
CA
Del Norte
2023
OF
74.5 mph
2
Jacob Rodriguez
CA
Los Altos
2023
1B
73.7 mph
3
Landon Runyan
CA
Ocean View
2023
OF
72.7 mph
4
Jehee Lee
CA
Rancho Bernardo
2023
C
72.4 mph
5
Matthew Martinez
CA
Adolfo Camarillo
2023
OF
72.0 mph
6
Brady Francisco
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
C
71.0 mph
7
Addison Klepsch
CA
Del Norte
2024
SS
70.0 mph
8
Justin Lee
CA
Notre Dame
2023
RHP
69.3 mph
9
Michael Rodriguez
CA
Montgomery
2023
1B
68.6 mph
10
Dean Carpentier
CA
Huntington Beach
2023
SS
67.9 mph
11
Jake Molinar
CA
The Bishop's School
2023
RHP
67.8 mph
12
Evan Needham
CA
Newbury Park
2023
LHP
67.8 mph
13
Haydn Caughren
CA
Crean Lutheran
2025
RHP
66.6 mph
14
Jaden Alba
CA
Gahr
2023
RHP
66.2 mph
15
Madden Ocko
CA
Notre Dame
2023
SS
65.6 mph
16
Joshua Khazaal
CA
Ontario Christian
2023
OF
65.3 mph
17
Tanner Lo
CA
Brea Olinda
2023
2B
65.3 mph
18
Gaelan Mendoza
CA
Oaks Christian
2023
LHP
65.0 mph
19
Noah Filson
CA
Patrick Henry
2023
OF
64.7 mph
20
Caleb Casas
CA
El Toro
2023
OF
64.0 mph
21
Matthew Sanders
CA
Grover Cleveland
2023
OF
63.9 mph
22
Grant Rodriguez
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
SS
63.8 mph
23
Christian Johnson
CA
Millikan
2023
C
63.4 mph
24
Cody Hoffman
CA
Mission Hills
2023
2B
63.3 mph
25
Mateo Yamato
CA
La Serna
2024
C
63.2 mph
26
Gavin Smith
CA
Trabuco Hills
2023
OF
63.2 mph
27
Benjamin Vargas
CA
Canyon
2023
SS
62.3 mph
28
Zach Mora
CA
Grace Brethren
2023
SS
62.2 mph
29
Logan Freeborn
CA
Santa Margarita Catholic
2025
OF
61.8 mph
30
Alex Iida
CA
Crean Lutheran
2023
RHP
61.5 mph
31
Gavin Piechota
CA
Long Beach Wilson
2023
3B
60.9 mph
32
Eduardo Gomez
CA
Patrick Henry
2024
SS
60.4 mph
33
Christian Robinson
CA
Fullerton Union
2025
OF
60.3 mph
34
Drew Turley
CA
Newbury Park
2023
C
59.4 mph
35
Alvaro Moreno Jr
CA
Etiwanda
2026
3B
54.4 mph
36
Nolan Stottlemyer
CA
Woodbridge
2025
SS
51.3 mph
Max Hand Speed
Peak Hand Speed is the observed maximum speed as measured on the handle of the bat (measured six inches from the knob of the bat). Peak Hand Speed will occur prior to the moment of impact, very close to the commit time in the swing when the wrists unhinge. For more info: Peak Hand Speed
MLB Avg: 23-29 mph | College Avg: 21-24 mph | HS Varsity Avg: 19-22 mph
Rank
Name
State
School
Class
Pos
Hand Speed (max)
1
Matthew Martinez
CA
Adolfo Camarillo
2023
OF
26.2 mph
2
Gavin Smith
CA
Trabuco Hills
2023
OF
25.6 mph
3
Dean Carpentier
CA
Huntington Beach
2023
SS
25.0 mph
4
Jacob Rodriguez
CA
Los Altos
2023
1B
24.9 mph
5
Evan Needham
CA
Newbury Park
2023
LHP
24.6 mph
6
Justin Lee
CA
Notre Dame
2023
RHP
24.5 mph
7
Benjamin Vargas
CA
Canyon
2023
SS
24.2 mph
8
Jaden Alba
CA
Gahr
2023
RHP
23.6 mph
^
Madden Ocko
CA
Notre Dame
2023
SS
23.6 mph
9
Seth Cotner
CA
Del Norte
2023
OF
23.5 mph
10
Joshua Khazaal
CA
Ontario Christian
2023
OF
23.2 mph
11
Noah Filson
CA
Patrick Henry
2023
OF
22.8 mph
^
Caleb Casas
CA
El Toro
2023
OF
22.8 mph
12
Cody Hoffman
CA
Mission Hills
2023
2B
22.7 mph
^
Tanner Lo
CA
Brea Olinda
2023
2B
22.7 mph
13
Jehee Lee
CA
Rancho Bernardo
2023
C
22.6 mph
14
Mateo Yamato
CA
La Serna
2024
C
22.5 mph
15
Gaelan Mendoza
CA
Oaks Christian
2023
LHP
22.4 mph
16
Landon Runyan
CA
Ocean View
2023
OF
22.3 mph
17
Addison Klepsch
CA
Del Norte
2024
SS
22.1 mph
18
Haydn Caughren
CA
Crean Lutheran
2025
RHP
21.9 mph
19
Michael Rodriguez
CA
Montgomery
2023
1B
21.5 mph
20
Alex Iida
CA
Crean Lutheran
2023
RHP
21.3 mph
21
Christian Robinson
CA
Fullerton Union
2025
OF
20.9 mph
^
Zach Mora
CA
Grace Brethren
2023
SS
20.9 mph
^
Matthew Sanders
CA
Grover Cleveland
2023
OF
20.9 mph
22
Jake Molinar
CA
The Bishop's School
2023
RHP
20.7 mph
23
Eduardo Gomez
CA
Patrick Henry
2024
SS
20.6 mph
^
Christian Johnson
CA
Millikan
2023
C
20.6 mph
24
Brady Francisco
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
C
20.5 mph
25
Gavin Piechota
CA
Long Beach Wilson
2023
3B
20.0 mph
26
Grant Rodriguez
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
SS
19.9 mph
27
Drew Turley
CA
Newbury Park
2023
C
19.8 mph
28
Logan Freeborn
CA
Santa Margarita Catholic
2025
OF
18.7 mph
29
Nolan Stottlemyer
CA
Woodbridge
2025
SS
18.3 mph
30
Alvaro Moreno Jr
CA
Etiwanda
2026
3B
17.6 mph
Avg. Hand Speed
MLB Avg: 23-29 mph | College Avg: 21-24 mph | HS Varsity Avg: 19-22 mph
Rank
Name
State
School
Class
Pos
Hand Speed (avg)
1
Matthew Martinez
CA
Adolfo Camarillo
2023
OF
25.2 mph
2
Dean Carpentier
CA
Huntington Beach
2023
SS
24.2 mph
3
Jacob Rodriguez
CA
Los Altos
2023
1B
23.8 mph
4
Gavin Smith
CA
Trabuco Hills
2023
OF
23.7 mph
5
Evan Needham
CA
Newbury Park
2023
LHP
23.5 mph
6
Justin Lee
CA
Notre Dame
2023
RHP
22.9 mph
7
Madden Ocko
CA
Notre Dame
2023
SS
22.4 mph
8
Benjamin Vargas
CA
Canyon
2023
SS
22.2 mph
9
Jaden Alba
CA
Gahr
2023
RHP
22.2 mph
10
Joshua Khazaal
CA
Ontario Christian
2023
OF
22.0 mph
11
Tanner Lo
CA
Brea Olinda
2023
2B
21.9 mph
12
Seth Cotner
CA
Del Norte
2023
OF
21.8 mph
13
Cody Hoffman
CA
Mission Hills
2023
2B
21.7 mph
14
Caleb Casas
CA
El Toro
2023
OF
21.6 mph
15
Noah Filson
CA
Patrick Henry
2023
OF
21.6 mph
16
Gaelan Mendoza
CA
Oaks Christian
2023
LHP
21.5 mph
17
Addison Klepsch
CA
Del Norte
2024
SS
20.8 mph
18
Landon Runyan
CA
Ocean View
2023
OF
20.6 mph
19
Mateo Yamato
CA
La Serna
2024
C
20.6 mph
20
Haydn Caughren
CA
Crean Lutheran
2025
RHP
20.0 mph
21
Michael Rodriguez
CA
Montgomery
2023
1B
20.0 mph
22
Jehee Lee
CA
Rancho Bernardo
2023
C
19.9 mph
23
Christian Robinson
CA
Fullerton Union
2025
OF
19.8 mph
24
Christian Johnson
CA
Millikan
2023
C
19.7 mph
25
Matthew Sanders
CA
Grover Cleveland
2023
OF
19.7 mph
26
Eduardo Gomez
CA
Patrick Henry
2024
SS
19.7 mph
27
Jake Molinar
CA
The Bishop's School
2023
RHP
19.6 mph
28
Alex Iida
CA
Crean Lutheran
2023
RHP
19.2 mph
29
Drew Turley
CA
Newbury Park
2023
C
19.0 mph
30
Zach Mora
CA
Grace Brethren
2023
SS
18.8 mph
31
Gavin Piechota
CA
Long Beach Wilson
2023
3B
18.7 mph
32
Brady Francisco
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
C
18.6 mph
33
Grant Rodriguez
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
SS
17.2 mph
34
Logan Freeborn
CA
Santa Margarita Catholic
2025
OF
17.2 mph
35
Nolan Stottlemyer
CA
Woodbridge
2025
SS
16.9 mph
36
Alvaro Moreno Jr
CA
Etiwanda
2026
3B
14.9 mph
Average On-Plane Efficiency
Measures the percentage of your swing where the bat is on the swing plane. Your vertical bat angle at contact establishes the plane for that swing. Plane is a great indicator for making more consistent contact on the barrel of the bat. For more info: On-Plane Efficiency
Ideal Efficiency %: 70% or Higher | Range: 65%-85%
Rank
Name
State
School
Class
Pos
On Plane Eff (avg)
1
Eduardo Gomez
CA
Patrick Henry
2024
SS
90 %
2
Benjamin Vargas
CA
Canyon
2023
SS
81 %
3
Cody Hoffman
CA
Mission Hills
2023
2B
80 %
4
Tanner Lo
CA
Brea Olinda
2023
2B
75 %
5
Nolan Stottlemyer
CA
Woodbridge
2025
SS
75 %
6
Jacob Rodriguez
CA
Los Altos
2023
1B
74 %
7
Christian Robinson
CA
Fullerton Union
2025
OF
74 %
8
Justin Lee
CA
Notre Dame
2023
RHP
69 %
9
Alex Iida
CA
Crean Lutheran
2023
RHP
68 %
10
Zach Mora
CA
Grace Brethren
2023
SS
68 %
11
Gavin Smith
CA
Trabuco Hills
2023
OF
66 %
12
Matthew Martinez
CA
Adolfo Camarillo
2023
OF
65 %
13
Joshua Khazaal
CA
Ontario Christian
2023
OF
65 %
14
Caleb Casas
CA
El Toro
2023
OF
64 %
15
Jake Molinar
CA
The Bishop's School
2023
RHP
62 %
16
Michael Rodriguez
CA
Montgomery
2023
1B
62 %
17
Mateo Yamato
CA
La Serna
2024
C
61 %
18
Christian Johnson
CA
Millikan
2023
C
61 %
19
Drew Turley
CA
Newbury Park
2023
C
60 %
20
Noah Filson
CA
Patrick Henry
2023
OF
59 %
21
Madden Ocko
CA
Notre Dame
2023
SS
58 %
22
Landon Runyan
CA
Ocean View
2023
OF
57 %
23
Brady Francisco
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
C
57 %
24
Jehee Lee
CA
Rancho Bernardo
2023
C
57 %
25
Seth Cotner
CA
Del Norte
2023
OF
57 %
26
Alvaro Moreno Jr
CA
Etiwanda
2026
3B
55 %
27
Addison Klepsch
CA
Del Norte
2024
SS
54 %
28
Evan Needham
CA
Newbury Park
2023
LHP
54 %
29
Gavin Piechota
CA
Long Beach Wilson
2023
3B
54 %
30
Gaelan Mendoza
CA
Oaks Christian
2023
LHP
51 %
31
Grant Rodriguez
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
SS
50 %
32
Haydn Caughren
CA
Crean Lutheran
2025
RHP
50 %
33
Dean Carpentier
CA
Huntington Beach
2023
SS
48 %
34
Jaden Alba
CA
Gahr
2023
RHP
47 %
35
Matthew Sanders
CA
Grover Cleveland
2023
OF
42 %
36
Logan Freeborn
CA
Santa Margarita Catholic
2025
OF
42 %
Max Rotational Acceleration
Measures how quickly your bat accelerates into the swing plane. Rotation is a good indicator of how you build bat speed by sequencing properly. The quicker your rotational acceleration, the more power you will have and the more time you have to adjust to pitch locations. For more info: Rotational Acceleration
MLB Avg: 16.8 g | College Avg: 12.9 g | HS Varsity Avg: 9.9 g
Rank
Name
State
School
Class
Pos
Rot. Acc (max)
1
Jacob Rodriguez
CA
Los Altos
2023
1B
32.0 g
2
Gavin Smith
CA
Trabuco Hills
2023
OF
22.8 g
3
Mateo Yamato
CA
La Serna
2024
C
22.7 g
4
Tanner Lo
CA
Brea Olinda
2023
2B
21.1 g
5
Benjamin Vargas
CA
Canyon
2023
SS
20.1 g
6
Cody Hoffman
CA
Mission Hills
2023
2B
19.5 g
7
Justin Lee
CA
Notre Dame
2023
RHP
19.2 g
8
Matthew Martinez
CA
Adolfo Camarillo
2023
OF
18.8 g
9
Alex Iida
CA
Crean Lutheran
2023
RHP
18.7 g
10
Christian Johnson
CA
Millikan
2023
C
17.4 g
11
Dean Carpentier
CA
Huntington Beach
2023
SS
17.2 g
12
Gaelan Mendoza
CA
Oaks Christian
2023
LHP
17.0 g
13
Jehee Lee
CA
Rancho Bernardo
2023
C
16.9 g
14
Joshua Khazaal
CA
Ontario Christian
2023
OF
16.7 g
15
Addison Klepsch
CA
Del Norte
2024
SS
16.0 g
16
Madden Ocko
CA
Notre Dame
2023
SS
15.8 g
17
Caleb Casas
CA
El Toro
2023
OF
15.2 g
18
Jake Molinar
CA
The Bishop's School
2023
RHP
15.0 g
19
Nolan Stottlemyer
CA
Woodbridge
2025
SS
13.3 g
20
Christian Robinson
CA
Fullerton Union
2025
OF
12.6 g
^
Michael Rodriguez
CA
Montgomery
2023
1B
12.6 g
21
Evan Needham
CA
Newbury Park
2023
LHP
12.4 g
22
Noah Filson
CA
Patrick Henry
2023
OF
11.9 g
23
Zach Mora
CA
Grace Brethren
2023
SS
11.3 g
24
Seth Cotner
CA
Del Norte
2023
OF
10.8 g
25
Jaden Alba
CA
Gahr
2023
RHP
10.7 g
26
Drew Turley
CA
Newbury Park
2023
C
10.5 g
27
Brady Francisco
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
C
10.4 g
28
Landon Runyan
CA
Ocean View
2023
OF
8.5 g
29
Haydn Caughren
CA
Crean Lutheran
2025
RHP
7.7 g
30
Eduardo Gomez
CA
Patrick Henry
2024
SS
7.3 g
31
Logan Freeborn
CA
Santa Margarita Catholic
2025
OF
7.2 g
32
Alvaro Moreno Jr
CA
Etiwanda
2026
3B
6.4 g
33
Matthew Sanders
CA
Grover Cleveland
2023
OF
5.7 g
34
Gavin Piechota
CA
Long Beach Wilson
2023
3B
5.3 g
35
Grant Rodriguez
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
SS
4.2 g
Avg. Rotational Acceleration
MLB Avg: 16.8 g | College Avg: 12.9 g | HS Varsity Avg: 9.9 g
Rank
Name
State
School
Class
Pos
Rot. Acc (avg)
1
Jacob Rodriguez
CA
Los Altos
2023
1B
28.2 g
2
Benjamin Vargas
CA
Canyon
2023
SS
18.3 g
3
Mateo Yamato
CA
La Serna
2024
C
18.1 g
4
Gavin Smith
CA
Trabuco Hills
2023
OF
16.7 g
5
Tanner Lo
CA
Brea Olinda
2023
2B
16.5 g
6
Cody Hoffman
CA
Mission Hills
2023
2B
16.2 g
7
Matthew Martinez
CA
Adolfo Camarillo
2023
OF
16.2 g
8
Christian Johnson
CA
Millikan
2023
C
14.0 g
9
Justin Lee
CA
Notre Dame
2023
RHP
13.5 g
10
Gaelan Mendoza
CA
Oaks Christian
2023
LHP
13.3 g
11
Addison Klepsch
CA
Del Norte
2024
SS
13.2 g
12
Dean Carpentier
CA
Huntington Beach
2023
SS
12.7 g
13
Joshua Khazaal
CA
Ontario Christian
2023
OF
11.9 g
14
Jake Molinar
CA
The Bishop's School
2023
RHP
11.8 g
15
Madden Ocko
CA
Notre Dame
2023
SS
11.5 g
16
Alex Iida
CA
Crean Lutheran
2023
RHP
11.0 g
17
Caleb Casas
CA
El Toro
2023
OF
10.9 g
18
Jehee Lee
CA
Rancho Bernardo
2023
C
10.8 g
19
Evan Needham
CA
Newbury Park
2023
LHP
10.1 g
20
Christian Robinson
CA
Fullerton Union
2025
OF
9.0 g
21
Drew Turley
CA
Newbury Park
2023
C
8.8 g
22
Noah Filson
CA
Patrick Henry
2023
OF
8.2 g
23
Nolan Stottlemyer
CA
Woodbridge
2025
SS
8.2 g
24
Zach Mora
CA
Grace Brethren
2023
SS
7.6 g
25
Brady Francisco
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
C
7.1 g
26
Seth Cotner
CA
Del Norte
2023
OF
6.9 g
27
Michael Rodriguez
CA
Montgomery
2023
1B
6.7 g
28
Jaden Alba
CA
Gahr
2023
RHP
6.6 g
29
Haydn Caughren
CA
Crean Lutheran
2025
RHP
6.2 g
30
Landon Runyan
CA
Ocean View
2023
OF
5.8 g
31
Eduardo Gomez
CA
Patrick Henry
2024
SS
5.7 g
32
Logan Freeborn
CA
Santa Margarita Catholic
2025
OF
5.0 g
33
Alvaro Moreno Jr
CA
Etiwanda
2026
3B
4.5 g
34
Matthew Sanders
CA
Grover Cleveland
2023
OF
4.5 g
35
Gavin Piechota
CA
Long Beach Wilson
2023
3B
3.6 g
36
Grant Rodriguez
CA
Thousand Oaks
2023
SS
3.0 g
-----------------------------------------
UPCOMING EVENTS
| SHOWCASE | STATE | DATE | LOCATION |
| Preseason All-State (2021/2022) | CA | 02/06 | McBean Stadium |
| Preseason All-State (2023/2024) | CA | 02/06 | McBean Stadium |
| California Preseason Uncommitted ('21/'22) | CA | 02/07 | Islanders Field |
| Super 60 Pro Showcase | NATIONAL | 02/07 | MOSH Performance Center |
| Northern CA Open Scout Day (underclass) | CA | 02/08 | Islanders Field |
RELATED TOPICS